How to setup Linode Server running CentOS 7 for cPanel installation..

Linode & cPanel documentation provided excellent documentation, however there was some confusion for me, so I documented my process. I’ve built several Lindoe’s, all using CentOS 6 or CentOS 7 for cPanel installations. I’ve fine tuned my process along with Linode & cPanel’s documentation. It should take roughly half an hour (30 minutes) to complete the following steps with roughly 3.5 hours for cPanel to download and install. Setting up cPanel on Linode Server with CentOS 6.2 or 7 takes roughly 4 hours to set-up.

First you must purchase, build & provision the linode using CentOS 6.2

Total ETA to complete steps: 4.5 hours

• steps 1-6 = 5 minutes
• steps 7 = 20 minutes
• steps 8 = 1 minute
• steps 9 = x minutes
• steps 10-13 = 5 minutes
• steps 14 = 3.5 hours
• steps 15 = 20 minutes

step 1.) Order your linode.
step 2.) Chose geographic location for new linode.
step 3.) Build linode (centos 6.2):
step 4.) Boot linode

step 5.) Configure CentOS 6.2 (ETA to complete= 2 minutes)
There are a couple of procedures necessary for this step..

Connect your Linode with Putty (or use the console inside Linode Manager) to set the host name & update hosts file. The hostname should be unique, in this example, I’ll use a planetary name “pluto”.

• step 5a.) set the *hostname

# echo “HOSTNAME=hname” >> /etc/sysconfig/network
# hostname “pluto”

• step 5b.) update /etc/hosts file.

Linux Server default text editor is nano, use the command # nano /etc/hosts to save/exit press Ctlr-x

By default, Linode /etc/hosts file contains two rows of redundant localhost information.. Just delete & have match the following example bellow.

default /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

example /etc/hosts
# 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
# 196.69.101.111 myhostname.mydomain.com myhostname

step 6.) Update time zone (ETA to complete= 1 minutes)
# timedatectl set-timezone ‘America/Mexico_City’

step 7.) Update CentOS (ETA to download/update = roughly 20+ minutes)
# yum update

step 8.) Check that the current date did not revert after update.. (if reverted repeat step 6)
# date

SECURE YOUR LINODE

step 9.) Automatic Security Updates
# yum-cron

step 10.) Configure /etc/fstab for cPanel’s disk sizes to display correctly. (ETA to complete= 1 minutes)
# nano /etc/fstab

enter the following
# /dev/xvda / ext3 noatime,usrquota,grpquota,errors=remount-ro 0 1
to save/exit press Ctlr-x

step 11.) Be sure to disable SELinux security features. (ETA to complete= 1 minutes)
# nano /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

step 12.) Only SSH, Yum & Perl should be installed. (ETA to complete= 2 minutes)
To view a list of groups installed:
# yum grouplist

Installed Groups:
E-mail server
Console internet tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Hardware monitoring utilities
Legacy UNIX compatibility
Networking Tools
Perl Support

In this sample, I need to remove E-mail server.
# yum groupremove “E-mail server”

*If you don’t see Perl Support or if you want to confirm perl installation, type the following commands..
# which perl
# perl -v

step 13.) Deactivate default firewall (ETA to complete= 1 minutes)

# service iptables save
# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

step 14.) Install cPanel (ETA to download/install = roughly 3.5 hours)

# cd /home
# wget -N http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/latest
# sh latest

step 15.) Virus scan (ETA to complete= 20 minutes)

It’s best practice to check your system for any vulnerabilities after you install applications and modules as you customize your web server.  You can find documentation on cPanel’s website for this.

Final step, configure cPanel for your purposes..

Resources

How to disable firewall for CentOS: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/fedora-redhat-centos-5-6-disable-firewall/
cPanel documentation on checking your system for trojans and viruses: http://docs.cpanel.net/twiki/bin/view/AllDocumentation/CompSystem

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Internal Server Error 500
No response from subprocess (php) with exit signal: 127
cpsrvd/11.35.0.4 Server at myhost.name.com

This issue can be fixed by logging into your server and running the bellow command through Putty

/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms –fix

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Access your WHM and navigate to your EasyApache.
Home >> Software >> EasyApache (Apache Update).

First, begin by selecting a profile to load.
Previously Saved Config (**DEFAULT**)
! This option loads the last saved configuration. If the configuration is missing, then default values will be provided.
Continue through the build process, until you reach the Exhaustive Options List section. When you reach the Exhaustive Options List, rebuild with PDO & PDO_MYSQL enabled. With PHP 5.3, PDO & PDO_MYSQL options are available, however by default they are disabled.

Prior to using cPanel, I attempted to install PDO & PDO_MYSQL via command and have spent a considerable amount of time installing with no prevail.. Using cPanel, it took me 2 minutes with EasyApache rebuilding in the background for about 12 minutes.

If your not using cPanel and have SSH access, then use command lines to install PDO & PDO_MYSQL.

Bellow, are a couple of suggested methods..

First,
Use PUTTY look up PHP version in order to determine suggested install.

[~]# php -v
PHP 5.3.17 (cli) (built: Oct 15 2012 22:06:55)
Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies

According to source: http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1119422
Run the following command:

[~]# yum install php-pdo
This command resolved the forum post above, however I was unable to install.

Then I came across a blog ‘ForLinux’, offering instructions on how to install PDO & PDO_MYSQL using PECL: http://www.forlinux.co.uk/expertise/blog/2012/07/30/installing-pdo-and-pdo_mysql-extensions-on-cpanel-server/

I opened my PUTTY and followed instructions to no prevail.

As suggested by website ehow.com, I used the command# –enable-pdo
No prevail..

Conclusion,
Using cPanel saved me tremendous amount of time, as I would be on an expedition looking to resolve a simple task..

Resources:

cPanel Documentation: The Apache Web Server with cPanel & WHM.

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Back Office > Employees > Profiles

Add new

I create a new profile called Sales; creation successful.

Back Office > Employees > Permissions

I select ‘Sales’ from the drop down menu.

As I select the check boxes that I want Permissions added to the Sales profile I created, I notice in green text on the top border stating ‘Profile updated’; no save button.  However, when I leave the page and return, the Permissions that I selected are no longer there and the page displays empty check boxes. During my initial attempt, the profile never saved.. However, since I’ve cleared 23+GB from the server, enabled the Bank Wire module, and added pdo & pdo_mysql php extensions and now the Permissions are allowing me to save to the selected profile.

Perhaps it was installing the PDO (acronym for PHP Data Objects) extensions that resolved my ability to save profiles?

I’m not sure how it started to all of a sudden work..
I’m just glad it’s working

Resources:

PHP pdo_mysql: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pdo-mysql.php

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CentOS 6.2 & Xen Linode VPS

The DISK USED in both cPanel & WHM, do not reflect correct data size.

According to cPanel, I require /dev/root in order for userquota to be mounted.

root@host [/]# quota -sv
quota: Cannot stat() mounted device /dev/root: No such file or directory

As such, cPanel cannot run it’s account usage calculation properly (database sizes are calculated separately).

According to cPanel,
It will likely require that /dev/ assuming the kernel does not force create it when usrquota is enabled. The primary partition should also be mounted with usrquota, and currently, it doesn’t appear that journaled quotas are supported by cPanel at this time, and will likely interfere with functionality, we would recommend disabling it.

Someone posted on cPanel’s forum the problem with solution.
They resolved there error, by contacting hosting VPS provider, and host made it so VPS is booted with it’s own kernal.

However, if you’re using Linode..
“I’m not sure Linode would do that for you but it’s definitely their problem and you may ask them to update their guest systems kernel because you experience problems. Or just use my other work around – which is the best way to live in that situation.” -Grigor

Just create a new rule for the udev daemon and add:
# KERNEL==”xvda1″, SUBSYSTEM==”block”, SYMLINK+=”root”

Here’s how to do it in one line:
# echo ‘KERNEL==”xvda1″, SUBSYSTEM==”block”, SYMLINK+=”root”‘ > /etc/udev/rules.d/99-root-link.rules

and reboot!
# reboot

Resources:

Quota Error on CentOS & Xen: http://forums.cpanel.net/f5/frustrating-quota-error-centos-6-2-xen-260462.html
Quotas problem on CentOS 6.2 64bit: http://forum.linode.com/viewtopic.php?t=8294
How the fstab is commonly used: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab
Fix for File System Quotas: http://www.daftspunk.com/code/fix-for-file-system-quotas-devroot-symlink-breaks-linode-centos-6-x

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# cat /etc/redhat-release
To find out the CentOS distro version.

# cat /etc/issue
To find out the Ubuntu distro version.

# cd
change directory

# du -sch *
Breakdown of disk usage. (-a, -d, -H, k, L, s, x)

# kill -9 PID
To kill a process.

# ls
This will list what is inside current directory.

# ln
Link files together.

# ln -s
Creates soft link for files.

# mkdir
Make Directory

# mkdir blabla
This makes the directory /blabla/

# mv
Move files

# mv * ..
Moves all files to root

# netstat -p
Monitoring ports.

# ps aux | grep java
To look for a specific process. This example returns the owner and the PID, along with other information, such as the percentage of CPU and memory usage, size of the command, time the command was launched, and the name of the command.

# pwd
This will display your current directory.

# rmdir
This removes directory.

# rm -fr
Removes all the files from directory.

# rm -r
Removes the entire directory.

# su root
Switch to super user mode or root.

# vmstat 5 10
The preceding command runs vmstat every 5 seconds for 10 iterations.

# watch free
You will see the output of the free command updated every 2 seconds. This is similar to “Ctrl-Alt-Del” in Windows, it shows your RAM availability.

# df -h
That’s going to tell you how much disk usage you’re actually using on your server.

Definitions:

ps = process
ps -A = lists all process runing
ps -a = local & all other shell users
ps = local
who = who is logged on

Resources:

CentOS is a free operating system, derived entirely from Red Hat Enterprise Linux: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentOS
Helpful Linux Commands: http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/misc/93765-putty-commands.html
Linux and Unix rm Commands: http://www.computerhope.com/unix/urm.htm
Manipulating Files & Folders: http://www.westwind.com/reference/os-x/commandline/files-folders.html
du (Unix) Usage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_(Unix)
Linux Consulting: http://frankmash.blogspot.com/2007/11/ln-s-examples.html

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